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IPC to BNS, CrPC to BNSS & IEA to BSA Section Converter
Find the BNS, BNSS or BSA section for an old IPC, CrPC or Evidence Act section — or go back the other way. 75 IPC, 38 CrPC and 27 Evidence Act provisions, with punishment notes and a copy button for drafting.
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Section converter
140 high-frequency litigation sections across the IPC, CrPC and Indian Evidence Act and their replacements in force from 1 July 2024.
140 sections
IPC to BNS 75 sections
| IPC | BNS | Subject and notes | Copy |
|---|---|---|---|
| 34 | 3(5) | Acts done by several persons in furtherance of common intentionNot a separate offence; read with the substantive section. Now part of the General Explanations in section 3. | |
| 109 | 49 | Punishment of abetment where the act abetted is committedSame punishment as the offence abetted, where no express provision is made. | |
| 120A | 61(1) | Criminal conspiracy (definition)Definition of criminal conspiracy. | |
| 120B | 61(2) | Punishment of criminal conspiracyConspiracy to commit a serious offence: punished as abetment of that offence; other conspiracies: up to 6 months, or fine, or both. | |
| 124A | No direct equivalent | SeditionNo direct equivalent: the offence of sedition is not retained. BNS 152 (acts endangering the sovereignty, unity and integrity of India) is a differently worded offence — compare the ingredients carefully; do not treat it as a renumbered 124A. | |
| 141 | 189(1) | Unlawful assembly (definition)Assembly of five or more persons with a common object listed in the section. | |
| 147 | 191(2) | Punishment for riotingUp to 2 years, or fine, or both. | |
| 148 | 191(3) | Rioting armed with a deadly weaponUp to 5 years, or fine, or both. | |
| 149 | 190 | Every member of unlawful assembly guilty of offence committed in prosecution of common objectConstructive liability; read with the substantive offence. | |
| 153A | 196 | Promoting enmity between groupsPromoting enmity on grounds of religion, race, place of birth, residence, language etc. | |
| 186 | 221 | Obstructing public servant in discharge of public functionsVoluntary obstruction of a public servant. | |
| 193 | 229 | Punishment for false evidenceGiving or fabricating false evidence in a judicial proceeding and otherwise. | |
| 201 | 238 | Causing disappearance of evidence of offencePunishment graded by the gravity of the main offence. | |
| 279 | 281 | Rash driving or riding on a public wayUp to 6 months, or fine up to ₹1,000, or both. | |
| 299 | 100 | Culpable homicide (definition)Definition. | |
| 300 | 101 | Murder (definition)Definition and exceptions. | |
| 302 | 103(1) | Punishment for murderDeath or imprisonment for life, and fine. BNS 103(2) separately covers murder by a group of five or more on grounds such as race, caste, community, sex, place of birth, language or personal belief. | |
| 304 | 105 | Culpable homicide not amounting to murderPunishment depends on whether the act was done with intention or only with knowledge — read section 105 for the revised terms. | |
| 304A | 106(1) | Causing death by negligenceUp to 5 years and fine (IPC: 2 years). BNS 106(2) (hit-and-run without reporting) was kept out of force on 1 July 2024 — check its current status before citing it. | |
| 304B | 80 | Dowry deathNot less than 7 years, which may extend to imprisonment for life. Presumption now in BSA 118 (IEA 113B). | |
| 306 | 108 | Abetment of suicideUp to 10 years and fine. | |
| 307 | 109 | Attempt to murderUp to 10 years and fine; if hurt is caused, up to imprisonment for life. Read 109(1)–(3). | |
| 308 | 110 | Attempt to commit culpable homicideAttempt to commit culpable homicide not amounting to murder. | |
| 309 | 226 | Attempt to commit suicideIPC 309 is not carried over as such. BNS 226 punishes an attempt to commit suicide made to compel or restrain a public servant — a narrower offence.Check the official comparative table | |
| 323 | 115(2) | Voluntarily causing hurtUp to 1 year, or fine up to ₹10,000, or both (fine raised from ₹1,000). | |
| 324 | 118(1) | Voluntarily causing hurt by dangerous weapons or meansUp to 3 years, or fine up to ₹20,000, or both. | |
| 325 | 117(2) | Voluntarily causing grievous hurtUp to 7 years and fine. | |
| 326 | 118(2) | Grievous hurt by dangerous weapons or meansImprisonment for life, or up to 10 years, and fine. | |
| 326A | 124(1) | Grievous hurt by use of acidNot less than 10 years, which may extend to imprisonment for life, and fine. | |
| 341 | 126(2) | Punishment for wrongful restraintSimple imprisonment up to 1 month, or fine up to ₹5,000, or both. | |
| 342 | 127(2) | Punishment for wrongful confinementUp to 1 year, or fine up to ₹5,000, or both. | |
| 352 | 131 | Assault or criminal force otherwise than on grave provocationUp to 3 months, or fine up to ₹1,000, or both. | |
| 353 | 132 | Assault or criminal force to deter public servant from discharge of dutyUp to 2 years, or fine, or both. | |
| 354 | 74 | Assault or criminal force to woman with intent to outrage her modestyNot less than 1 year, which may extend to 5 years, and fine. | |
| 354A | 75 | Sexual harassmentPunishment depends on the clause; read section 75. | |
| 354D | 78 | StalkingFirst conviction up to 3 years and fine; subsequent conviction up to 5 years and fine. | |
| 363 | 137(2) | Punishment for kidnappingUp to 7 years and fine. | |
| 364A | 140(2) | Kidnapping for ransomDeath or imprisonment for life, and fine. | |
| 366 | 87 | Kidnapping or abducting a woman to compel her marriage etc.Up to 10 years and fine. | |
| 370 | 143 | Trafficking of personsGraded punishment; read section 143. | |
| 375 | 63 | Rape (definition)Definition. | |
| 376 | 64 | Punishment for rapeRigorous imprisonment not less than 10 years, which may extend to imprisonment for life, and fine. Aggravated forms in 64(2). | |
| 376D | 70(1) | Gang rapeRigorous imprisonment not less than 20 years, which may extend to life (remainder of natural life), and fine. | |
| 377 | No direct equivalent | Unnatural offencesNo corresponding offence in the BNS. Check the current position before relying on any substitute provision. | |
| 378 | 303(1) | Theft (definition)Definition. | |
| 379 | 303(2) | Punishment for theftUp to 3 years, or fine, or both; repeat conviction attracts a mandatory minimum. Community service for a first-time offender in theft of property under ₹5,000 returned or restored. | |
| 380 | 305 | Theft in a dwelling house, etc.Up to 7 years and fine. Section 305 also covers theft of a vehicle or from a vehicle, idols from places of worship and government property. | |
| 383 | 308(1) | Extortion (definition)Definition. | |
| 384 | 308(2) | Punishment for extortionUp to 7 years, or fine, or both. | |
| 392 | 309(4) | Punishment for robberyRigorous imprisonment up to 10 years and fine; up to 14 years if committed on a highway between sunset and sunrise. | |
| 395 | 310(2) | Punishment for dacoityImprisonment for life, or rigorous imprisonment up to 10 years, and fine. | |
| 405 | 316(1) | Criminal breach of trust (definition)Definition. | |
| 406 | 316(2) | Punishment for criminal breach of trustUp to 5 years, or fine, or both (IPC: 3 years). | |
| 409 | 316(5) | Criminal breach of trust by public servant, banker, merchant or agentImprisonment for life, or up to 10 years, and fine. | |
| 411 | 317(2) | Dishonestly receiving stolen propertyUp to 3 years, or fine, or both. | |
| 415 | 318(1) | Cheating (definition)Definition. | |
| 420 | 318(4) | Cheating and dishonestly inducing delivery of propertyUp to 7 years and fine. | |
| 447 | 329(3) | Punishment for criminal trespassUp to 3 months, or fine up to ₹5,000, or both. | |
| 448 | 329(4) | Punishment for house-trespassUp to 1 year, or fine up to ₹5,000, or both. | |
| 463 | 335 | Forgery (definition)Definition; making a false document is defined in section 335. | |
| 465 | 336(2) | Punishment for forgeryUp to 2 years, or fine, or both. | |
| 467 | 338 | Forgery of valuable security, will, etc.Imprisonment for life, or up to 10 years, and fine. | |
| 468 | 336(3) | Forgery for purpose of cheatingUp to 7 years and fine. | |
| 471 | 340(2) | Using as genuine a forged document or electronic recordPunished as if the person had forged the document. | |
| 494 | 82(1) | Marrying again during lifetime of husband or wife (bigamy)Up to 7 years and fine. | |
| 498A | 85 | Husband or relative of husband subjecting a woman to crueltyUp to 3 years and fine. The meaning of "cruelty" (Explanation to IPC 498A) is now a separate section, BNS 86. | |
| 499 | 356(1) | Defamation (definition)Definition with exceptions. | |
| 500 | 356(2) | Punishment for defamationSimple imprisonment up to 2 years, or fine, or both, or community service. | |
| 503 | 351(1) | Criminal intimidation (definition)Definition. | |
| 506 | 351(2) / 351(3) | Punishment for criminal intimidation351(2): up to 2 years, or fine, or both. 351(3): threat to cause death or grievous hurt, etc. — up to 7 years, or fine, or both. | |
| 509 | 79 | Word, gesture or act intended to insult the modesty of a womanSimple imprisonment up to 3 years and fine. | |
| 511 | 62 | Attempting to commit offences punishable with imprisonmentUp to half of the longest term provided for the offence, or fine, or both. | |
| No direct equivalent | 111 | Organised crimeNew offence with no IPC equivalent (previously dealt with under State special laws). | |
| No direct equivalent | 113 | Terrorist actNew offence in the general penal law; no IPC equivalent (previously only under special laws such as UAPA). | |
| No direct equivalent | 69 | Sexual intercourse by employing deceitful means, etc.New offence, including intercourse on a false promise of marriage; no specific IPC equivalent. |
CrPC to BNSS 38 sections
| CrPC | BNSS | Subject and notes | Copy |
|---|---|---|---|
| 41 | 35 | When police may arrest without warrantGrounds for arrest without warrant. 35(7) adds that arrest for offences under 3 years needs prior permission of an officer not below DSP where the person is infirm or above 60. | |
| 41A | 35(3) | Notice of appearance before police officerNotice to appear in place of arrest; now within section 35(3)–(6). | |
| 50 | 47 | Person arrested to be informed of grounds of arrest and of right to bailGrounds of arrest and right to bail. | |
| 57 | 58 | Person arrested not to be detained more than 24 hoursProduction before the Magistrate within 24 hours, excluding journey time. | |
| 82 | 84 | Proclamation for person abscondingProclamation requiring appearance. | |
| 91 | 94 | Summons to produce document or other thingNow expressly includes electronic communication and devices. | |
| 125 | 144 | Order for maintenance of wives, children and parentsMaintenance; interim maintenance and expenses of proceedings continue to be available. | |
| 144 | 163 | Power to issue order in urgent cases of nuisance or apprehended dangerProhibitory orders. | |
| 154 | 173 | Information in cognizable cases (FIR)Adds e-FIR (information by electronic communication, signed within 3 days) and FIR irrespective of where the offence was committed (zero FIR). 173(3) allows a preliminary enquiry for offences punishable with 3 to 7 years. | |
| 156(3) | 175(3) | Magistrate may order investigationApplication must be supported by an affidavit (after first approaching the police); the Magistrate may make an enquiry and consider the police officer's submissions. | |
| 161 | 180 | Examination of witnesses by policeStatements may also be recorded by audio-video electronic means. | |
| 164 | 183 | Recording of confessions and statements by MagistrateConfessions and statements before a Magistrate; audio-video recording permitted. | |
| 167 | 187 | Procedure when investigation cannot be completed in 24 hours (remand)Police custody up to 15 days in total, which may be sought in parts during the first 40 or 60 days of the 60/90-day period. | |
| 173 | 193 | Report of police officer on completion of investigation (charge-sheet)Adds progress update to the informant within 90 days; further investigation during trial needs court permission and is ordinarily to be completed within 90 days. | |
| 190 | 210 | Cognizance of offences by MagistratesCognizance on complaint, police report or information. | |
| 197 | 218 | Prosecution of judges and public servants (sanction)Sanction requirement; read the deemed-sanction provision in section 218. | |
| 200 | 223 | Examination of complainantProviso: no cognizance without giving the accused an opportunity of being heard. | |
| 202 | 225 | Postponement of issue of processInquiry or investigation before issuing process. | |
| 204 | 227 | Issue of processSummons or warrant; summons and warrants may be served electronically. | |
| 207 | 230 | Supply to the accused of copy of police report and other documentsCopies within 14 days from the first appearance; may be supplied electronically. | |
| 227 | 250 | Discharge (Sessions trial)Discharge application to be filed within 60 days from commitment. | |
| 228 | 251 | Framing of charge (Sessions trial)Charge to be framed within 60 days from the first hearing on charge. | |
| 313 | 351 | Power to examine the accusedExamination of the accused on circumstances appearing in evidence. | |
| 319 | 358 | Power to proceed against other persons appearing to be guiltySummoning additional accused. | |
| 320 | 359 | Compounding of offencesTables of compoundable offences now refer to BNS sections. | |
| 357 | 395 | Order to pay compensationCompensation to victims.Check the official comparative table | |
| 374 | 415 | Appeals from convictionsAppeals against conviction. | |
| 389 | 430 | Suspension of sentence pending appeal; release of appellant on bailSuspension of sentence and bail pending appeal. | |
| 397 | 438 | Calling for records to exercise powers of revisionRevisional jurisdiction of the High Court and Sessions Judge. | |
| 401 | 442 | High Court's powers of revisionRevision by the High Court. | |
| 406 | 446 | Power of Supreme Court to transfer cases and appealsTransfer by the Supreme Court. | |
| 407 | 447 | Power of High Court to transfer cases and appealsTransfer by the High Court. | |
| 436A | 479 | Maximum period for which an undertrial prisoner can be detainedAdds release on bond for a first-time offender after one-third of the maximum term. | |
| 437 | 480 | When bail may be taken in case of non-bailable offenceBail by courts other than the High Court or Court of Session. | |
| 438 | 482 | Direction for grant of bail to person apprehending arrest (anticipatory bail)Anticipatory bail. Note: section 482 is now anticipatory bail, not inherent powers. | |
| 439 | 483 | Special powers of High Court or Court of Session regarding bailRegular bail by the High Court or Sessions Court. | |
| 468 | 514 | Bar to taking cognizance after lapse of the period of limitationLimitation for taking cognizance (6 months / 1 year / 3 years by maximum sentence). | |
| 482 | 528 | Saving of inherent powers of High CourtQuashing petitions are now filed under BNSS 528. |
IEA to BSA 27 sections
| IEA | BSA | Subject and notes | Copy |
|---|---|---|---|
| 3 | 2 | Interpretation clause (definitions)"Document" and "evidence" expressly include electronic and digital records. | |
| 17 | 15 | Admission (definition)Admission defined. | |
| 24 | 22 | Confession caused by inducement, threat, coercion or promiseBSA 22 also absorbs IEA 28 and 29. | |
| 25 | 23(1) | Confession to police officer not to be provedSection 23(1). | |
| 26 | 23(2) | Confession by accused while in police custodyNot provable unless made in the immediate presence of a Magistrate. | |
| 27 | 23(2) proviso | How much of information received from accused may be proved (discovery)Discovery statement now sits as the proviso to section 23(2). | |
| 32 | 26 | Statements by persons who cannot be called as witnesses (incl. dying declaration)Dying declarations and other statements of persons who are dead or cannot be found. | |
| 45 | 39 | Opinions of expertsExpert opinion; 39(2) deals with the Examiner of Electronic Evidence. | |
| 62 | 57 | Primary evidenceAdds explanations on electronic and digital records as primary evidence. | |
| 63 | 58 | Secondary evidenceAdds oral and written admissions and evidence of a skilled person. | |
| 65B | 63 | Admissibility of electronic recordsCertificate in the form in the Schedule: Part A by the party, Part B by an expert. | |
| 74 | 74 | Public documentsSame number; public and private documents now in sections 74(1) and 74(2). | |
| 76 | 75 | Certified copies of public documentsCertified copies. | |
| 101 | 104 | Burden of proofWho must prove a fact asserted. | |
| 102 | 105 | On whom burden of proof liesBurden in a suit or proceeding. | |
| 103 | 106 | Burden of proof as to particular factBurden on the person who wishes the court to believe it. | |
| 104 | 107 | Burden of proving fact to be proved to make evidence admissiblePreliminary facts. | |
| 106 | 109 | Burden of proving fact especially within knowledgeFact especially within the knowledge of any person. | |
| 113A | 117 | Presumption as to abetment of suicide by a married womanPresumption within 7 years of marriage. | |
| 113B | 118 | Presumption as to dowry deathRead with BNS 80 (IPC 304B). | |
| 114 | 119 | Court may presume existence of certain factsIllustrations carried over. | |
| 118 | 124 | Who may testify (competency of witnesses)Competency of witnesses. | |
| 132 | 137 | Witness not excused from answering on ground that answer will criminateProtection against use of the answer. | |
| 137 | 142 | Examination-in-chief, cross-examination and re-examinationDefinitions of the stages of examination. | |
| 145 | 148 | Cross-examination as to previous statements in writingContradiction with earlier written statements (e.g. statements recorded by police). | |
| 154 | 157 | Question by party to his own witness (hostile witness)Permission to cross-examine one's own witness. | |
| 165 | 168 | Judge's power to put questions or order productionPower of the judge to ask any question. |
General information for advocates, not legal advice. Statutes, rules and court practice directions change; check the bare Act, the latest amendments and your court's rules before relying on any date or section. This free tool is a calculation aid: confirm every date and section against the bare Act before you file or cite.
Method
How this is calculated
- Source of the mapping. Each row pairs a section of the old law with the provision that replaced it in the Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita, Bharatiya Nagarik Suraksha Sanhita or Bharatiya Sakshya Adhiniyam, checked against the text of the new Acts. Official comparative tables are also published by the Government (for example through the Bureau of Police Research & Development).
- Sub-sections matter. Many old sections are now sub-sections of a single new section — IPC 323 is BNS 115(2), IPC 379 is BNS 303(2). We show the sub-section that carries the punishment, because that is what goes into a charge, FIR or prayer clause.
- One old section, several new ones (and the reverse). Where an old provision was split or merged (IPC 506 into BNS 351(2) and 351(3); IEA 24–27 into BSA 22–23), the row says so in the notes. Read the full new section before relying on the number.
- No direct equivalent. Some provisions were dropped or replaced by differently worded offences — sedition (IPC 124A) is the main example: BNS 152 penalises acts endangering the sovereignty, unity and integrity of India, which is not a renumbered 124A. Some BNS offences, such as organised crime (BNS 111), have no IPC equivalent.
- Rows marked "Check the official comparative table". Where the correspondence is partial or we are not fully certain of it, the row carries that badge. Verify those against the bare Act and the official table before citing them.
- Which law applies. The new Acts apply from 1 July 2024. Offences committed before that date are generally tried under the IPC (savings in BNS 358), and investigations, inquiries, trials and appeals pending on that date continue under the CrPC (BNSS 531). Check the savings clause for your stage of the case.
Frequently asked questions
What is IPC 420 in BNS?
Cheating and dishonestly inducing delivery of property (IPC 420) is now section 318(4) of the Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita, 2023, punishable with imprisonment up to seven years and fine. The definition of cheating is in BNS 318(1).
What is IPC 302 in BNS?
Punishment for murder under IPC 302 is now BNS 103(1): death or imprisonment for life, and fine. BNS 103(2) separately deals with murder by a group of five or more persons on grounds such as race, caste, community, sex, place of birth, language or personal belief.
Which BNSS section replaces CrPC 438 and 482?
Anticipatory bail (CrPC 438) is now BNSS 482, and the High Court's inherent powers (CrPC 482) are now BNSS 528. Because the number 482 now means anticipatory bail, write the Act name with the section in every petition.
Is there a BNS section for sedition (IPC 124A)?
No direct equivalent. The offence of sedition is not retained in the BNS. BNS 152 deals with acts endangering the sovereignty, unity and integrity of India, but its ingredients are different, so do not treat it as a renumbered section 124A.
What replaced the section 65B certificate for electronic evidence?
Section 63 of the Bharatiya Sakshya Adhiniyam, 2023 replaces IEA 65B. The certificate is in the form set out in the Schedule to the BSA, with Part A filled by the party producing the record and Part B by an expert.
Should I use IPC or BNS sections for an offence committed before 1 July 2024?
Generally the IPC, because the BNS applies to offences committed on or after 1 July 2024 and the repeal clause saves earlier proceedings. Pending CrPC investigations and trials also continue under the CrPC. Check the savings clauses (BNS 358, BNSS 531) and the latest rulings for your specific stage.
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